"Pesawat Luar Angkasa Sangat Perlu Dikembangkan Di Tanah Air Kita Indonesia"
~Arip~
Reusable spacecraft
The first reusable spacecraft, the
X-15, was air-launched on a suborbital trajectory on
July 19,
1963. The first partially reusable orbital spacecraft, the
Space Shuttle, was launched by the USA on the 20th anniversary of
Yuri Gagarin's flight, on
April 12,
1981.
During the Shuttle era, six orbiters were built, all of which have
flown in the atmosphere and five of which have flown in space.
The
Enterprise was used only for approach and landing tests, launching from the back of a
Boeing 747 and gliding to deadstick landings at
Edwards AFB, California. The first Space Shuttle to fly into space was the
Columbia, followed by the
Challenger,
Discovery,
Atlantis, and
Endeavour. The
Endeavour was built to replace the
Challenger when it was
lost in January 1986. The
Columbia broke up during reentry in February 2003.
The first automatic partially reusable spacecraft was the
Buran (Snowstorm), launched by the USSR on
November 15,
1988, although it made only one flight. This
spaceplane
was designed for a crew and strongly resembled the U.S. Space Shuttle,
although its drop-off boosters used liquid propellants and its main
engines were located at the base of what would be the external tank in
the American Shuttle.
Lack of funding, complicated by the dissolution of
the USSR, prevented any further flights of Buran. The Space Shuttle has
since been modified to allow for autonomous re-entry via the addition
of a control cable running from the control cabin to the mid-deck which
would allow for the automated deployment of the landing gear in the
event a un-crewed re-entry was required following abandonment due to
damage at the ISS.
Fictional spacecraft
The term spacecraft is mainly used to refer to spacecraft that are real or conceived using present technology. The terms
spaceship and
starship are generally applied only to fictional spacecraft, usually those capable of
transporting people. The spaceship is one of the prime elements in
science fiction. Numerous
short stories and
novels are built up around various ideas for spacecraft, and spacecraft have often been featured in movies. Some
hard science fiction books
focus on the technical details of the craft, while others treat the
spacecraft as a given and delve little into its actual implementation.
- Notable fictional spacecraft
- See also: List of fictional spaceships
- Unidentified flying objects
Some people believe that
Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) may be
alien spacecraft (that is, not of human construction and not originating from Earth), sometimes referred to as
flying saucers.
But the term UFO used here in this context refers to observed flying
objects for which no identification has been made, though
other meanings for the word UFO exist. To date, no known, independently verifiable examples of alien spacecraft are known to exist.
Spacecraft in art
The Mare Nostrum Spaceship is the central element of the
Space art group
El Club de los Astronautas.
The group has worked out a utopian plan for the spacecraft and they are
going to adopt and actualize the plan over time as technologies will
develop to turn the plan into reality. Mare Nostrum represents a series
of projects in the scientific, social and economic world that are
building the foundation to its construction.
Sumber:
1. Wikipedia
